Iceland’s president has refused to sign a controversial bill to repay £3.1 billion previously promised to the UK and the Netherlands. The news came after Iceland’s President Olafur Ragnar Grimsson announced a change of a heart following public protest and instead the country will now hold a referendum on the bill, which was designed to compensate governments forced to bail out their savers with Icesave accounts following Iceland’s banking crisis.

Legislation to repay the money was approved by Iceland’s parliament in December, but the approval of the president is also required before it can be passed into law.

Things must be getting strained again between Alistair Darling and Gordon Brown who were reported to have contradicted each other once again and in public. The contradiction was on that hot potato over how to handle public spending. Darling was reported to have argued that revenue from stronger than expected growth should be used to cut borrowing in a bid to allay the concerns of bond market investors, while Brown was said to be of the view that strong recovery may help to sustain spending, warding off fears of significant cuts to public services. Government officials hastened to deny a split between Brown and the chancellor. But they would, wouldn’t they.

Kraft have announced that they expect to increase the cash proportion in their offer to Cadbury in an attempt to make their bid more attractive to shareholders. The cash will come from the sale of its North American pizza business, strangely enough bought by erstwhile takeover bid competitors, Nestle who paid over £2 billion for a slice (of the company) .Meanwhile and contrary to recent speculation, Nestle have announced that they do not intend to table a takeover bid for Cadbury,. The company having been linked to a possible offer following Kraft Food’s hostile bid for Cadbury that was announced in December.

As part of their new strategic review, the English Premier League is looking to increase its international reach by inviting companies to become an official technology partner, aimed at tapping global opportunities more successfully. With current sponsorship making up just five per cent of the Premier League’s one billion pounds annual turnover, from sponsors that including Nike, Lucozade, Wrigley, and EA Sports, Topps Merlin and Sporting iD and title sponsors Barclays Bank.

One of the companies brave enough to raise their prices to match the return of VAT to its previous 17.5 per cent rate are Apple, who have increased the prices of many products on the Apple Store, including Macs. On 1 Jan 2010 the VAT level in the UK returned to 17.5 per cent, up from the reduced rate of 15 per cent (VAT is the UK term for sales tax). The UK government temporarily reduced the rate of VAT during 2009 to add some life into the UK economy, and it was thought that many of the UK’s leading retailers would continue to subsidise the increase, at least for January.

However Apple’s move seems likely to prompt some discussion surrounding the pricing of Apple products in general, which has steadily increased in the UK over the last two years.

Encouraging evidence of better retail conditions with record sales over the Christmas and New Year period were provided by the John Lewis employee-owned department store and chain. The company reported sales strongly ahead of the last two years that in the five weeks to January 2. John Lewis’s performance offers hope to retailers as they begin to release figures on their trading in the crucial festive period on Tuesday. John Lewis said total sales rose 15.8 per cent in the five weeks to January 2, compared with the same period a year earlier, while sales based on stores open at least a year were up 12.7 per cent.

On the stock exchange, shares in partly-nationalised Royal Bank of Scotland rose 9.9%, helped by analyst’s predictions that the bank is liable to "outperform" in 2010.

The FTSE 100 brought in the New Year and new decade by closing above 5,500 for the first time since the start of September 2008 – before the Lehman Brothers collapse, coming after a 22% rise over the whole of 2009 and a 53% rally from the low last March. The FTSE 100 closed on Tuesday on 5522.5.

Britain’s currency weakened possibly due to U.K. Business Secretary Peter Mandelson hints that the pound’s devaluation aided the economy in the recession.

• Dollar 1,5967
• Euro 1.1126

The chairman of the US Federal Reserve Ben Bernanke has blamed poor financial regulation for the financial crisis and defended the record of America’s central bank, whilst calling for urgent improvements to financial oversight to prevent a repeat of an economic storm that he said could ultimately prove to be "the worst in history".

In a recent speech, Mr Bernanke argued that low interest rates in the first five years of the new millennium were "appropriate" for the time and had not caused the "bubble" in US house prices. His reaction came after the Fed has recently come under criticism by certain US economists who argue that it kept rates too low for too long, encouraging an artificial property boom. The subsequent crash led to a surge in repossessions, leaving lenders with huge losses, causing a financial contagion that spread around the world.

On Wall Street, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closed on Tuesday up 144 points to 10,572, while the NASDAQ also rose 39 points to 2,308.71.

According to expert analysts, the US public pension system faces a higher-than-expected shortfall of more than $2,000 billion that will increase pressure on many states’ strained finances and crimp economic growth. Recent estimates of aggregate funding requirement of the US pension system have ranged between $400 billion and $500 billion, however recent speculation has concluded that public funds would need to find more than $2,000 billion to meet future pension obligation

Commodities prices are set to rise further this year as the global economy expands faster, according to an International Monetary Fund forecast, following the biggest annual price increase for raw materials in nearly four decades in 2009

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Tags: Alistair Darling, Apple, Apple Store, Bank, Banking, Barclays Bank, British Economy, British Pound, Cadbury, Credit Crunch, Currency, Dow Jones, EA Sports, Economy, English Premier League, Financial News, FTSE, Gordon Brown, House Prices, International Monetary Fund, John Lewis, Kraft, Lehman Brothers, Lucozade, Money, Money Markets, NASDAQ, Nestle, Nike, North American pizza, Olafur Ragnar Grimsson, Peter Mandelson, Recession, Retail, Royal Bank of Scotland, Sporting iD, Stock Markets, Stocks and shares, Topps Merlin, UK Banks, UK Economy, UK government, UK Recession, US Federal Reserve, Wall Street, Wrigley

Key figures in the UK banking world announced their dismay and subsequent anger after Alistair Darling confirmed plans for his 50 per cent "supertax" on banks’ bonus pools. The reaction from one leading UK going as far as went as far as describing the measure as an "assault on the prudent and the profitable". Bob Diamond, the president of Barclays continued to voice his displeasure by implying that that bankers and institutions were "mobile and they might desert London’s financial centre. The one-off tax will be imposed on banks rather than individuals, and will also apply to building societies

Similar moves to tax bonuses on bankers are also being considered by both Germany and France, with the German banks even considering the imposition of self-discipline on pay while France is in favor of matching the U.K.’s planned one-off tax on bank bonuses, and is likely to slap such a levy on bonuses to be paid out in 2010 for the past year.

According to a report released last week, London could be pushed into third place as a global financial centre by Shanghai within the next ten years.

Global business leaders apparently are becoming increasingly convinced that the West is facing accelerated competition from the East, with more than 90% of company owners and managers in Shanghai and Mumbai are confident in their economic outlook for 2010, compared to 22% of business leaders in London and 35% in New York.

Meanwhile to add to the U.K.’s banking system’s woes, comes the news that the Financial Services Authority intend strengthening their rules governing the amount as well as the quality of capital that banks in the U.K. need to hold against potential losses as part of an effort to implement changes to European Union rules. Their proposals are expected to result in a £33 billion, or 5%, increase in the total amount of capital held by banks, with the bulk of this required to be held by the start of 2011.

On the FTSE before the weekend, shares in Barclays Plc , climbed 4.6 percent, to 290.75 pence, possibly on news that the bank is about to eliminate around 150 jobs from its retail and commercial banking operations in India. With the news that British Airways Plc have decided to retain p full ownership of its OpenSkies subsidiary, their shares rose 1.1 percent, to close on 202.3 pence.

The U.K.’s largest CD retailer HMV Group Plc posted a loss after tax of £17.8 million in the six months period ending Oct. 24, an improvement on the loss of £19.8 million pounds in the year-earlier period. Despite the relatively positive news their stock dropped 0.2 percent to 106.6 pence.

Independent News & Media Plc, publisher of The Independent Newspaper is looking to reduce their holding in APN News & Media Ltd. One the news their shares advanced 0.2 cent to 10 cents.

As the Cadbury takeover sage continues, news that rift has opened up between Hershey’s management and the Hershey Trust over whether to trump Kraft’s hostile bid for the company. The Trust, a philanthropic body that controls Hershey, is pressing the management to go ahead with an offer while the board argues that a bid financed by extra debt could put the company’s investment grade rating at risk. Cadbury chief executive Todd Stitzer has let it be known that he considers Hershey a better cultural fit than Kraft. On Monday morning, Cadbury is expected to make a formal rejection of that Kraft offer but is unlikely to make any official statements regarding their talks with Hershey, as a formal bid has yet to table. However the company is expected to release an interim update of their trading figures.

Sterling lost ground against the dollar before the markets closed for the weekend whilst rising slightly against the Euro.

• Pound/US dollar 1.6221
• Pound/Euro 1.1081

The FTSE 100 Index rose 17.2 points to close on 5,261.57. The index has shown a 50 percent recovery since March and looks to be heading for its biggest annual gain since 1997.

The US House of Representatives has approved the most sweeping changes to the country’s financial sector since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The 223 to 202 vote is a victory for President Obama who has made financial reform one of his main goals. The bill aims to create a new agency to monitor consumer banking transactions and give the government powers to break up companies that threaten the economy. The US Senate will have to pass the bill before the president can sign it. The legislation would give regulators the power to dismantle the companies in a way which ensures shareholders and unsecured creditors, not taxpayers, bear the losses. It also hopes to strengthen the powers of the Securities and Exchange Commission to detect irregularities that could provide an early warning of fraudulent investment schemes. Plans to regulate the vast $600 trillion market in products called derivatives are also included.

On close of trading Friday, the Dow Jones Industrial Average had risen 186 points to 10,471.5 and the NASDAQ was also up around twenty points to 2,190.31

Kenneth Feinberg, the White House "pay czar" has extended limits on the pay of executives at four US firms who were given government bailout money.

Under the restrictions, employees will not be able to earn more than $500,000 (£307,770) per year.

The companies involved are Citigroup, AIG, General Motors and GMAC, with the rule applying to the 26th to 100th highest paid staff. The top 25 at each firm had their pay limited in October. Free of any such pay restrictions are the

Bank of America who succeeded in repaying their "bailout "money as recently as this week, while Chrysler and Chrysler Financial were exempted because total pay for their second-tier executives is already under the magic $500,000 barrier.

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Tags: AIG, Alastair Darling, Bank, Bank of America, Banking, Barclays Plc, Bob Diamond, British Airways Plc, British Economy, British Pound, Cadbury, Citigroup, Currency, Dow Jones, Economics, Economy, Financial News, Financial Services Authority, FTSE, General Motors, GMAC, Hershey Trust, HMV Group Plc, Independent News & Media Plc, Kraft Foods, Money, Money Markets, NASDAQ, OpenSkies, Recession, Stock Markets, Stocks and shares, supertax, UK Banking, UK Banks, UK Economy, UK Recession

The Treasury was "justified" in using taxpayers’ money to bail out banks to protect the wider financial system, according to an official report.

The National Audit Office (NAO) review said the cost to the UK public so far totalled £850 billion.

"It is difficult to imagine the scale of the consequences for the economy and society if major banks had been allowed to collapse," the NAO said.

It said that the final cost to the taxpayer will not be known for "years".

During the financial crisis, the UK government nationalized Northern Rock and took stakes in the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) and Lloyds Banking Group in return for bailing them out.

RBS also put £282 billion of its assets into a government insurance scheme for toxic assets.

Despite the fact that Royal Bank of Scotland has signaled that it will succumb to pressure to pay its high-flying investment bankers substantially less than rival institutions amid an escalating row with the government, it is feared that Alistair Darling may still be heading for a potentially disastrous showdown with the bank over their plans to pay £1.5 billion in bonuses to its staff.

RBS which is 70 per cent owned by taxpayers, is hoping to avoid the high-stakes showdown after it was forced to give the Treasury the final say over the total size of its bonus pool as a condition of signing up to a scheme that will insure £240 billion in toxic assets, with hints coming from the bank that pay-outs in its investment banking division would be “at the low, low end of the scale”. They also hastened to send out a veiled threat, that reduced pensions and bonuses could meant them losing experienced staff to competitors. The bank is confident of forging an agreement with the government after it emerged that RBS directors had sought legal advice about whether they would have to resign if the Treasury vetoed pay deals agreed by the board, Darling, who to be granted the right to veto bonus payments at the bank, is left with a dilemma of waving through potentially huge bonus pay-outs at RBS just months before a general election or plunging the bank, which has already received unprecedented support from taxpayers despite widespread fury over bonus levels, into further crisis.

The value of UK commercial real estate debt in default or in breach of key lending agreements more than doubled to about £30 billion in the first six months of the year, adding pressure on the banking sector, a survey has revealed. Banks have also extended or refinanced an extra £16 billion in the first-half of the year, rolling over maturing debt that could not be paid back by cash-strapped borrowers or restructuring loans when breaches were threatened owing to the steep fall in values. This strategy has been dubbed “extend and pretend”, with some banks even refusing to test loan covenants, given a reluctance to crystallize losses by selling the property asset or the debt attached to it. De Montfort University, which compiles the most comprehensive study of the sector, announced that banks are beginning to deal with the massive £224 billion of outstanding debt to the real estate sector.

Lord Mandelson, business secretary, on Friday issued a blunt warning to Kraft and hedge fund investors that they will face “huge opposition” from the British government if a takeover of Cadbury is used as a means to make “a fast buck” The comments represent a government intervention that is unprecedented in recent years, extending the business minister’s policy of “industrial activism” into a live bidding situation. Meanwhile a strategy appears to be emerging to fend off a hostile takeover from Kraft. The Cadbury strategy emphasizes the value of its brand image and its emerging markets footprint as well as highlighting the progress made on during their restructuring program

Kingfisher, the owner of B&Q DIY stores, has cut net debt by 90 per cent since the start of 2008 and on Thursday confirmed its debt burden at the end of the financial year will be lighter than previously forecast. Net debt fell to £200 million in the third quarter and Kingfisher forecasts net debt of about £300 million at its year end in January, an improvement on previous guidance, which was for £800 million.

The pound continued to lose value strongly against the dollar and the Euro before the weekend.

• Pound/US dollar 1.471
• Pound/Euro 1.1086

U.K. stocks climbed, with the FTSE 100 Index extending this week’s advance, after a government report showed the U.S. rate of unemployment declined in November.

The FTSE 100 climbed 9.36 points to 5,322.36, bringing this week’s gain to 1.5 percent. The measure has rebounded 52 percent from its low on March 3 as governments committed about $12 trillion and central banks cut interest rates to record lows to end the global recession and revive credit markets.

US labor Department figures show that unemployment rate fell in November to 10% from 10.2% in October, meaning that 11,000 jobs went over the month, a figure far lower than expected by most analysts.

On Friday’s trading, the Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 0.2 per cent to 10,388.22 and the NASDAQ was up 1 per cent to 2,194.35.

The price of gold price has taken a surprise slump after surprisingly positive US unemployment data sent the US dollar higher, making gold a less attractive investment.

Gold fell more than $65, or 5%, to $1,161.4 an ounce, down from a record high of $1,226.56 in early trading.

After the release of figures showing that the US jobless rate was on the decrease, the dollar gained 2% on the Japanese yen and 1.3% on the euro.

As the dollar weakened due to low interest rates in the US, gold has hit a number of record highs in recent weeks

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Tags: Alistair Darling, B&Q DIY, Bank, Banking, British Economy, Cadbury, Currency, De Montfort University, Dow Jones, Economics, Economy, Employment, Financial News, FTSE, Global Credit Crisis, Gold, Kingfisher, Kraft, Lloyds Banking Group, Lord Mandelson, Money, Money Markets, NAO, NASDAQ, National Audit Office, Northern Rock, Recession, Retail, Royal Bank of Scotland, Stock Markets, Stocks and shares, taxpayer, Treasury, UK Banks, UK Economy, UK government, UK Recession, US labor Department

In the Queen’s speech to be made today, Gordon Brown is expected to emphasize the need for fiscal discipline as the UK seeks to extricate itself from the current financial downturn, and catch up with the rest of the major global economies who have already done so. At the heart of his message will be a very strong hint to ministers to accept budget cuts. What he will be implying is that it is important for the Labour party to show unity and credibility on public spending ahead of the forthcoming election battle with the Tories. The prime minister’s package will feature a fiscal responsibility bill, that will confine to law Brown’s programme significantly reduce Britain’s £175 billion deficit by 2014 and cast it into history by 2018.

Meanwhile the people who are generally regarded as being responsible for the UKs financial quandary, the bankers, are beginning to bleat a little at the prospect of having their bonuses cut by the Financial Services Authority (FSA) This time the banker’s plight is being supported by no less than a former banker, Sir George Mathewson who acted as chairman of Royal Bank of Scotland. Sir George complained that any moves to cancel any pay deals which appear to reward undue risk-taking would interfere with the rule of law.

But Sir George said he feared

According to the Office of National Statistics, UK inflation has jumped to an annual figure of 1.5%, largely driven up by a sharp annual rise in the cost of petrol and a huge jump in the prices of second-hand cars. Economists were not taken by surprise by the increase in the consumer prices index (CPI, which they expected to rise by between 1.4% and 1.5% for October. The incredible 14% rise in second-hand car prices was one of the driving forces behind the inflation rise.

ITV have confirmed that Archie Norman, the former chief executive of supermarket group Asda, will be taking over the role of chairman in their company. Former Tory MP Norman’s appointment brings to an end a seven-month search to find a replacement for outgoing chairman Michael Grade,

Archie Norman comes to the ITV with an impressive track record, having being credited with the turnaround of Asda in the 1990s. He will face no less of a daunting challenge at ITV, where increased competition and difficult trading conditions has caused a major downturn in advertising revenue.

Chocolate makers Hershey and Ferrero are said to considering a joint bid for Cadbury that could be welcomed by the UK confectionery manufacturer as they fight to fend off the hostile takeover by Kraft Foods. Discussions between the two sides have been reported to be at the “very preliminary" stage. Apparently Hershey executives have been more aggressive about pursuing a deal; however no offer has been made. The talks are the strongest sign that a possible rival bid to Kraft’s $16.7 billion offer is in the offing. Kraft’s initial bid was rejected by Cadbury as being “derisory”.

Sterling increased against the major currencies on trading since the weekend

• Pound/US dollar 1.6793
• Pound/Euro 1.1283
• Pound/Japanese Yen 149.9328
• Pound/Swiss Franc 1.706

World stocks continue to gain ground as optimism regarding the global economic recovery continuing. UK shares have again reached and broken their 14-month high.

In the UK, the FTSE share values improved as commodities and especially gold touched a new record on the general positive mood.

The UK’s benchmark FTSE 100 index closed up 1.6%, or 86.29, to 5,345.93. The FTSE 250 also rose, up 28 points to 9,401.15.

US Commerce Department figures have shown that retail sales rose by more than expected in October, largely due to the resurgent car market, Sales rose by 1.4%, offsetting September’s 1.5% fall was revised with both months’ figures were dominated by the impact of car sales.

If car sales are taken out of the equation, retail sales rose by just 0.2% in October.

Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke has revealed that the US central bank was monitoring currency markets "closely" and will conduct policy in a way that will "help ensure that the dollar is strong". In one of his rare public comments on the state of the dollar, Bernanke predicted that currency’s recovery would begin to gain momentum despite "headwinds" from credit and unemployment, while inflation was likely to remain "subdued". However the dollar, after a brief upturn, continued to retreat against other major currencies. Bernanke also added that the Fed still expected to keep rates near zero for an "extended period", hastening to add that his statement was, not a commitment.

In the US, all the trading indexes were seen to be advancing at lightning pace.

The Dow Jones industrial average gained 1.3%

Or 52.30 points to 10437.42. The NASDAQ continues to move forward, up 43 points 2203.78

US car giant GM recovery continues. This week the company announced that they will begin returning their US government loans earlier than expected.

The first payment of $1.2 billion will be made in December, and the company predicts that the loans could fully repaid 2011, four years earlier than expected. The news comes as GM reported a third quarter net loss of $1.2 billion. GM currently has debts of $6.7 billion to the US government, $1.4 billion to the Canadian government and 400 million Euros to the German government, which the company received in support of GM’s European subsidiary Opel.

US billionaire Warren Buffett’s investment firm have increased their stakes in the Nestle and Exxon Mobil companies. .

The news has created a strong buzz among investors as stock picks by Buffett always create interest, as the 70 year old super entrepreneur is considered to be one of the world’s shrewdest investors.

Recent figures released by the Japanese government have shown that the country’s economy has grown for a second successive quarter.

The world’s second largest economy grew by 1.2% in the third quarter, much faster than economists had predicted. Analysts have hastened to predict that say overall growth is likely to remain sluggish for the foreseeable future.

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Tags: Archie Norman, ASDA, bankers, Banking, Ben Bernanke, British Economy, British Pound, budget cuts, Cadbury, Currency, Dow Jones, economic recovery, Economy, Employment, Exxon Mobil, Federal Reserve, Ferrero, financial downturn, Financial News, Financial Services Authority, FSA, FTSE, GM, Gordon Brown, Hershey, Interest Rates, ITV, Kraft Foods, Labour party, Michael Grade, Money, Money Markets, NASDAQ, Office of National Statistics, Opel, Recession, Retail, Royal Bank of Scotland, Sir George Mathewson, Stock Markets, Stocks and shares, The Queen’s speech, UK Banks, UK Economy, UK government, UK inflation, UK Recession, US Commerce Department, Wall Street, Warren Buffett

Lloyds Banking Group is to cut 5,000 more jobs by the end of next year as it continues to reduce overlap following its merger with HBOS last year.

While almost half of these posts are among staff, 2,600 permanent jobs would be lost. The union Unite accused the bank of "corporate arrogance" and short-termism following the announcement, which will mean that Lloyds will have cut 15,000 jobs this year.

Japan’s second- largest carmaker Honda Motor Co have announced that they will be widening job cuts at its UK factory in Swindon, due to a major fall in demand in Europe as the end of government stimulus programs draws close.

According to a company spokesman, Honda plans to expand their voluntary early retirement plan, which succeeded in reducing the number of workers at the factory by 1,300 last December, although the spokesman declined to say how many additional jobs would be cut. The plant, which builds the CR-V and Civic models for the European market, saw production plunge by 75 percent to 400,000 units in the year until end September 2009.

A rapid recovery in UK commercial property values conditions could see the sector turn positive this year. The recovery comes after the deepest slump on record that looks like leading to an almost boom like situation according to forecasts. Real estate values are set to overturn most of the losses suffered in the first half as booming investor demand has taken prices back to near peak levels in some sectors.

As was widely expected, Cadbury have rejected the formal bid from Kraft on Monday, going as far as to describe the US food group’s offer as “derisory”. Roger Carr, Cadbury’s chairman, declared the formal offer “worse than the proposal the board has previously rejected” as it made no attempt to improve the terms of its original offer of two months ago. In the meantime Kraft’s share price has fallen steadily since their offer in early September, reducing the value of the bid from 745 pence a share to 717. Cadbury’s shares closed up 3 pence to 761 on the FTSE, while Kraft’s shares fell 31 cents in New York in midday trading to $26.47. However, Kraft have not rules out making an increased offer during the formal takeover offer period, which could last up to three months as analysts predict that the company may wait until towards the end of the offer period before making a final offer.

Company management at Sainsburys will be feeling the pressure as recent figures show that the supermarket group sales were expanding at the lowest rate of the UKs "big four " supermarkets. Sainsbury’s sales were shown to have risen by 4.7 percent in the 12 weeks to October 31, making for the lowest turnover expansion, less than the 5.6 percent recorded by Tesco, with Asda and Morrisons leading the way.

Unofficial reports have it that Orange UK sold more than 30,000 iPhones on launch day. Orange is the second carrier to offer the iPhone in the UK behind O2, while Vodafone has announced plans to begin offering the handset early in 2010, as well as the iPhone, Orange UK have also launched a so-called business homescreen for the soon to be launched Samsung Omnia Pro B7330. The Omnia Pro is reputed to be a smartphone based on a different concept from the iPhone, featuring Windows Mobile 6.5 and a full QWERTY keypad. Orange’s new homescreen provide quick access to email, voicemail, contacts, calendar and so on, “ensuring vital business applications are right at their employees’ finger tips”. The Samsung Omnia Pro B7330 will be soon available through Orange, coming as the carrier’s first “business WM6.5 device,” targeted at medium and large business customers.

For more information about The Samsung Omnia Pro B7330 Visit Compare-Mobile.co.uk

Sterling lost ground on Tuesday after a ratings agency said the UK was the major economy most at risk of losing its AAA credit rating , Since then the pound has weakened in value over the last two days against all the major currencies.

• Pound/US dollar 1.6719
• Pound/Euro 1.1161
• Pound/Japanese Yen 149.468
• Pound/Swiss Franc 1.6852

The FTSE 100 has rallied strongly since the beginning of the week up 86 points to 5,230.55. The FTSE 250 also rose 38.3 points to 9,120.96. London equities principally made progress on Monday, largely thanks to strong trading in insurance stocks.

As US carmaker General Motors (GM) were seen to be making efforts to calm the waves after their surprise decision last week to retain ownership of their European plants, a spokesman for the company has forecast that Opel and Vauxhall will retain consider independence as well as receiving considerable financial support . The US carmaker has announced that that they will provide a “reasonable and sizeable” portion of the restructuring costs for Opel and Vauxhall, rather than seek 100 percent government aid. GM have forecast that they will need €3 billion ($4.5 billion) to restructure the Opel and Vauxhall operations and intend to raise at least partial funding from interested European governments.

The Dow Jones has made some major steps forward since the weekend, up 243 points to 10246.97, closing at the highest level since October 2008.

The NASDAQ also jumped, reaching 2151.08.

US software company Adobe Systems has announced that it is to cut almost 10% of its workforce, a total of 680 jobs. Adobe Systems best known for Photoshop, Flash and Acrobat, said the cuts were necessary to cut costs.

Gold extended its record-breaking run above the $1,100 mark on Monday while crude oil raised more than $2 a barrel as markets made a strong start to the new trading week. Gold hit a record at $1,110.85 a troy ounce, a rise of 26.5 per cent this year, before easing back to $1,107.00, up 1.1 per cent on the day as analysts digested the implications of India’s decision last week to buy half of the gold the International Monetary Fund has put up for sale.

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Tags: Acrobat, Adobe, Adobe Systems, ASDA, Banking, British Economy, Cadbury, Currency, Dow Jones, Economy, Employment, Financial News, Flash, FTSE, General Motors, GM, Gold, HBos, Honda Motor Co, International Monetary Fund, iPhone, Kraft, Lloyds, Lloyds Banking Group, Money, Money Markets, Morrisons, NASDAQ, O2, Oil, Omnia Pro, Opel, Orange UK, Photoshop, property values, Recession, Retail, Roger Carr, Sainsburys, Samsung Omnia Pro B7330, smartphone, Stock Markets, Stocks and shares, Tesco, UK Banks, UK commercial property, UK Economy, UK government, UK Recession, Vauxhall, Vodafone

UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown was observed to be rapidly retreating from his proposal that a financial transactions tax be imposed to aid the global economy. Brown, made the speech on Saturday at a meeting of global finance ministers, suffered a backlash on his proposal to implement a miniscule “Tobin tax”. The Tobin tax originally saw the light of day in the early 1970s and was evolved by James Tobin, an influential American macroeconomist and recipient of the Nobel Prize for economics, of that time who proposed imposing a small tax on every amount exchanged from one currency into another. The US was among the first to criticise Mr. Brown who up till now has defended the financial sector against more aggressive moves on regulation by other European governments in the past.

A recent report has suggested that in the past six months alone, only one in ten UK savers have enjoyed an increase on the interest rates paid on their accounts despite the Bank of England’s base rate remaining static…

The study shows that 10% of variable savings accounts are paying lower rates than they were in May, with just 3.5% of variable rate accounts have seen interest rates increase over the same period, despite the implied competition for savers’ deposits.

According to the report, almost half of variable rate accounts are being paid less than 0.5%, while almost a quarter of the banks are offering returns below 0.1%.

The pound continued its recovery against the dollar over the weekend, rising also against all the major currencies.

• Pound/US dollar 1.6835
• Pound/Euro 1.232
• Pound/Japanese Yen 151.2029
• Pound/Swiss Franc 1.6947

As Monday’s bidding deadline drew closer, shares in Cadbury eased by 0.5 percent to 758 pence. Market analysts expect US food company Kraft to make a formal offer on Monday under the current terms whilst leaving room for maneuver at a later stage. Kraft Foods offer is projected to be around £10 billion ($16.59 billion), and will setting the battle for control of the famed British confectionary company officially in motion.

Those apparently in the know have stated that Kraft had always planned to take its offer directly to Cadbury shareholders, This they will do on Monday, in response to the U.K. Takeover Panel’s deadline to either make a formal offer or back off for six months.

On early rumours that the debt-laden rail and coach operator National Express could launch a fully underwritten £250 million placing and open offer as early as next week, their shares added 4.3 per cent to 330 pence on early trading.

Meanwhile it was reported that Vodafone are preparing a fresh round of cost cutting in an attempt to offset falling revenue at the mobile phone operator.

Vodafone intend to reduce their operating expenses by £1 billion gradually by March 2011, however market analysts now say that the target might even be increased to £1.5 billion. Expectations are that Vodafone will report turnover of £21.6 billion for the six months to September 30, meaning an increase of 8.3 per cent on the same period in 2008, with profits of £7.5 billion, up 2.8 per cent.

Rising unemployment and economic uncertainty in the UK has helped one company report revenues to increase revenues by 15.6 per cent in the six months to September 30. BrightHouse, who rents high-end consumer durables to people who have a low or non-existent credit rating, enjoyed profit growth up £94.6 million for the period. The privately owned retail chain, who supply top-of-the-range television sets, electrical appliance and furniture on a kind of rent/buy agreement without requiring large deposits. Turnover was increased thanks to the opening of 11 new stores in the period, bringing the nationwide total to 188, although like-for-like revenue also rose by close to ten per cent. BrightHouse’s earnings were up 23.7 per cent from the same six-month period in 2008.

Battery-operated robotic hamsters costing about £6 each look like becoming the Christmas hit for 2009, with demand in the UK for outgunning supply. GoGo Pets are the hottest toy of the season, seemingly on a par with demand for the famous Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, the smash hit of Christmas 1987. The interactive hamsters, Squiggles, Patches, Chunk, Pipsqueak and NumNums, respond to touch with squeaks and noises, and can be set to run about randomly in “explore” mode, and to “coo and chirp” calmly when held. Initial demand for the toys has proven so strong that retail giant Toys R Us had removed them from their Christmas toy catalogue to avoid disappointing customers.

On Friday, the FTSE 100 closed 17.1 points higher at 5,142.7 after a volatile session in which the market rose on early trading and then fell sharply after the release of a key US unemployment report, later recovering as the data was reassessed.

The FTSE 100 rose by 98 points, or 2 per cent for the week, its best weekly performance for a month. Meanwhile, the FTSE 250 rose 62.3 points to 9.082.7, leaving the mid-cap index up 170 points, or 2.2 per cent.

Irish airline Aer Lingus has announced a drop in sales of 9.7% in the third quarter, largely due to a drop in long-haul passenger traffic.

In the three months to September, long-haul numbers dropped 13%, offset by increase of 10%, passenger traffic in short-haul flights

Despite the reduction in turnover, share values s surged 11% to 62 Eurocents as investors recognized some clear signs that the loss-making airline was beginning to stabilise. Last month, the carrier said it would cut almost 800 jobs to try to save 97 million Euros a year (£90 million) by 2011.

The dollar jumped and Wall Street stocks look set to open lower after a crucial report on the US labour market showed unemployment at a fresh 26-year high. The unemployment rate rose from 9.8 per cent in September to 10.2 per cent last month, as the Labor Department announced that non-farm payrolls in October fell by 190,000, the highest since April 1983.

Despite the negative figures, the Dow Jones held its own, up 17.46 points to 10023.42. The NASDAQ also climbed a little, reaching 2112.44.

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Tags: Aer Lingus, Bank of England, BrightHouse, British Economy, British Pound, Cadbury, Chunk, Currency, Dow Jones, Economics, Economy, Employment, Financial News, FTSE, GoGo Pets, Gordon Brown, hamsters, Kraft, Money, Money Markets, NASDAQ, NumNums, Patches, Pipsqueak, Recession, robotic hamsters, Squiggles, Stock Markets, Stocks and shares, Tobin tax, Toys R Us, UK Banks, UK Economy, UK government, UK Recession, Unemployment, Vodafone, Wall Street

There were one or two petted lips around Westminster yesterday in response to governor of the Bank of England Mervyn King’s call for Britain’s biggest banks to be split up to prevent the possibility of a financial crisis of similar proportions to the one that the UK is going through, in the future. Particularly peeved were Gordon Brown and Alistair Darling who even went as far as rebuking. Mr. King for his comments. King was seemingly unfazed at their comments.

According to Terry Duddy, chief executive of Home Retail Group, owners of the Argos and Homebase chains, the rise in VAT due on January 1 could act as a major for sales of large value items in the weeks leading up to the increase. Whilst announcing that the company had returned to profit in the six months to August 29, , Duddy said went on to announce a rise in consumer confidence and that his company was more optimistic about the outlook for the fourth quarter.

Chocolate kings, Cadbury have subtly increased the pressure on Kraft to raise its proposed £10 billion ($16.6billion) takeover offer. They did so through reporting unexpectedly strong third-quarter trading figures, surpassing even the toughest analysts’ expectations, The Company have succeeded in raising its full-year revenue targets to the “middle” of its 4-6 per cent goal range. Cadbury announced quarterly revenue growth of 7 per cent, which they claimed had been achieved by increasing prices and profit margins, despite a fall in turnover for the period of percent. Correspondingly, Cadbury had made considerable efforts to cut costs and reduce market spending. Since Kraft announced its offer proposal in early September, indications are that investors expect the US food group to pay at least 800 pence per share, while the current cash and shares proposal values Cadbury’s equity at 731pence a share. In the light of the recent results, some investment banks have revalued the target price on Cadbury to 900 pence, however a Kraft offer at this level is considered unlikely, unless counter-bidders suddenly emerge. The consensus is that Kraft will succeed with their offer, if it comes back with a 50-50 split of cash and stock bid of around 825 pence per Cadbury share. Kraft are understood to be considering returning with a formal offer but may wait until after its third-quarter results on November 3, while the UK Takeover Panel has set Kraft a final deadline of November 9 to make a formal offer.

Sterling continued its steady rise against the ever weakening dollar, recovering against the Swiss Franc. whilst faltering against the Euro.

• Pound/US dollar 1.6606
• Pound/Euro 1.1093
• Pound/Japanese Yen 151.6918
• Pound/Swiss Franc 1.6587

The FTSE 100 lost out on some of yesterday’s gains, down 33.79 points to close on 5257.85 The FTSE 250 25 shed all of the previous days gains. Down 143.60 points to close on.9421,04

Morgan Stanley has returned to profit after three quarterly losses in a row, after reporting a net income of £457m in the third quarter of 2008. The bank’s investment banking division fared particularly well with underwriting revenues up 74% from 2008 levels. Meanwhile, Wells Fargo, the country’s fourth-largest bank, reported record $3.2bn profits for the quarter, reporting that revenues from mortgages and consumer credit had surged.

Despite that positive news, the Dow Jones was down for the second consecutive day, yesterday by 92.12 points to crash below the ten thousand points on 9949.36. The NASDAQ Composite index also continued to fall, this time by 12.74 points to close on 2,150.73.

Recent reports continue to speculate that US companies who received billions of dollars of government aid in the financial crisis are to be forced to cut any excessive salary packages awarded to their leading executives. Of the seven companies that received the highest aid from the US Treasury will be obliged to reduce the basic salaries of their 25 best-paid employees, by up to nine tenths of the salary packages, while each firm’s 125 top earners would be see their pay slip cut in half, under the US government plan. There has been widespread outrage in the US over the high level of bonuses paid by firms that not so long ago were forced top go to the government cap in hand and ask for government help to stave of bankruptcy .

Figures just published confirm that China has exceeded its target for economic growth in the third quarter, for the first time this year. Chinese government figures show year on year GDP growth was up 8.9% from 7.9% in the previous quarter. Chinese officials have also said they are sure they will reach their full year target of 8% for economic growth, with the economy grewing by 7.7% in the nine months to September.

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Tags: Alastair Darling, Argos, Bank of England, Banking, British Economy, British Pound, Brown, Cadbury, Currency, Darling, Dow Jones, Economics, Economy, Employment, Financial News, FTSE, Global Credit Crisis, Gordon Brown, Home Retail Group, Homebase, Kraft, Mervyn King, Money, Money Management, Money Markets, Morgan Stanley, NASDAQ, Recession, Terry Duddy, UK Banks, UK Economy, UK government, UK Recession, US Treasury, Wells Fargo

The announcement made before the weekend that that 121,000 Royal Mail staff had voted overwhelmingly for national strikes over jobs, pay and working conditions had UK business owners and managers in a sweat. Companies fear that national action, on top of the regional strikes that have been taking place over the past three months, will cause widespread disruption to postal deliveries and hinder their long awaited and much needed economic Christmas rush. The Communication Workers Union announced that their members had backed nationwide walkouts by a three to one ratio in protest at the “imposition” of changes to working practices as well as cuts in pay and job losses. Dave Ward, deputy general secretary of the Postal Workers Union, said that representatives of the union were due to meet on Monday to agree its next step and would give the Royal Mail a “final opportunity” to resolve the dispute over the next week or so.

According to Britain’s business secretary, Lord Mandelson Britain is unlikely to accept Magna International’s plan for the takeover of Vauxhall/Opel unless certain “shortcomings” are addressed. In explaining Britain’s role in “signing off” on the deal, Lord Mandelson stated that an impact plan should be agreed even before talks on how much Britain will contribute to the ($3.1 billion ) €4.5 billion) of loan guarantees needed to restructure Opel can begin. While Germany is due to supply most of the loan guarantees, the British government is being called upon to supply €400 million in guarantees. In return Mandelson expects assurances on the fate of Vauxhall’s two UK plants, in Luton and Ellesmere Port, which employ about 5,000 workers between them, before giving the green light.

According to a report from a leading UK global ratings agency, The recent gains in house prices are likely to prove only a temporary respite before a further steep fall next year, The agency has forecast that they expect UK property prices to fall by about 30 per cent in total from their October 2007 peak, despite the fact that property prices have improved for the last three months leading to hopes of a sustained recovery. However prices still remain 13 per cent below their peak in 2007.

Carphone Warehouse, whilst raising their target for the number of residential broadband customers it hopes to capture in 2009/2010 have taken the opportunity to disclose that the number of subscribers that they had hoped to take on board during their recent acquisition of Tiscali UK, were considerably less than the figures quoted. No fewer than 160,000 than the 1.45 million that Tiscali boasted before the acquisition. On the discovery, Carphone Warehouse has announced that they will be renegotiating the £236 million price it agreed to pay for Tiscali UK.

JJB Sports have announced that they are planning to instigate a share placing and open offer that they hope will rise close to £100 million, more than the total market value of the sporting goods retailer. Shares in JJB, who narrowly avoided administration in April, are likely to be priced below 25 pence, a significant discount to Thursday’s close of 34½ pence. On the news, shares fell sharply on Friday’s trading, down 6.5 per cent to 32¼ pence. On the upside, demand for the new shares has been so high that the company expects to rise significantly more than its current market capitalisation of £86.5 million with analysts predicting that it could even reach more than double that amount. .

On the FTSE 100 Friday, Unilever was among the risers on Friday up 2.7 percent to 1816 pence after industry data showed sales of product lines such as ice-cream and deodorant has been very buoyant since July. Confectionary giant Cadbury fared worse on announcement that their sales had fallen sharply below company targets since July, despite that fact that that the company has increased the number of promotions running after they fell into an unwelcome spotlight after last month’s bid from Kraft. Cadbury closed flat at 785 pence. Shares in Whitbread the brewer added 1.6 per cent to 1269 pence in anticipation of positive results due to be issued on Tuesday.

The FTSE 100 continued its steady rise, this time by 7.23 points to close on 5161.87. The index rose 3.5 per cent on the week, thanks largely to the falling US dollar.The FTSE 250 held its ground before closing for the weekend, up a mere 3.86 points to close for the day on 9,377.30

The pound lost some of its pace against the leading currencies, as well as again creeping below the $1.60 mark.

• Pound/US dollar 1.5843
• Pound/Euro 1.10757
• Pound/Japanese Yen 142.1499
• Pound/Swiss Franc 1.634

According to figures issued by the Commerce Department, the US trade deficit shrank unexpectedly in August as the weak dollar boosted exports.

The deficit, representing the difference between US imports and exports, fell to $30.7 billion (£19.3 billion) from a revised estimate of $31.9 billion in July.

Exports rose slightly on the back of the weak dollar while imports fell.

The dollar has slipped recently, with traders moving into other currencies as the global economy begins to recover. The sharp fall in the US dollar is giving ammunition to the critics of the Obama administration and fuelling broader concerns about the erosion of America’s reserve currency status.

The Dow Jones index closed strongly for the weekend up 78.07 points to 9864.94. The NASDAQ index continued its consistent rise, up a further 15.35 points to close on 2139.28.

In an unexpected development, but one which is expected to positive implications to the US economy, it was announced on Friday that President Barack Obama has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The award has been granted for the President’s efforts to reduce the world’s stockpile of nuclear weapons and working for world peace. The first African American to hold the country’s highest office, Obama has consistently called for disarmament and since taking office in January has been actively involved in attempting to revive the stalled Middle East peace process.

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Tags: Banking, Barack Obama, British Economy, British Pound, Cadbury, Carphone Warehouse, Commerce Department, Communication Workers Union, Credit Crunch, Currency, Dave Ward, Dow Jones, Economy, Financial News, FTSE, GM, House Prices, JJB Sports, Kraft, Lord Mandelson, Magna International, Middle East peace process, Money, Money Markets, NASDAQ, Nobel Peace Prize, Obama administration, Opel, postal strike, Postal Workers Union, Recession, Retail, Royal Mail, Stock Markets, Stocks and shares, Tiscali UK, UK Banks, UK business, UK Economy, UK government, UK Recession, US economy, Vauxhall, Whitbread

It now appears likely that Bank of England Governor, Mervyn King will be awarded the post of deputy chairman of a Europe-wide board, that will be responsible for the tracking the stability of financial institutions as well as co-coordinating risk supervision by national bank regulators.

King would join the board as number two to the European Central Bank governor Jean-Claude Trichet, who has been invited to chair the new body.

Reports have it that although no formal offer to Mr. King has yet been delivered, if Mr. King was to accept the post as deputy, his presence might help to calm UK fears that the revamp of Europe’s supervisory system would undermine the City’s position as leader in financial services in Europe.

Meanwhile head City regulator, Lord Turner made a robust defence on Tuesday night of his allegations that the “swollen” financial services sector has produced “socially useless” products, He continued by adding that UK banks may become “boring” lower-risk, lower-return investments.

“Banks need to refocus their energies on their core functions of providing savings and credit and payment products to customers,” Turner added at a speech presented at the Mansion House City banquet hosted by the lord mayor of London.

"The huge profits that many banks were expecting to make this year should be attributed to implicit government guarantees and low interest rates, and therefore much of that money should be used to build bigger capital and liquidity buffers rather than paying big bonuses", summed up Lord Turner.

According to recently released information, the pace of business failures slowed in August to its lowest level in almost 12 months. Although statistics gathered continue to suggest the worst of the UK recession may be over, there are wide geographical disparities within the data, with the north-east of England showing a 92.7 percent increase in the number of insolvencies.

In the first deal of its kind since the credit crunch began in the summer of 2007, Lloyds Banking Group are set to sell more than £2.8 billion in new bonds. The bonds are backed by UK residential mortgages.

Understandably, the sale is being closely monitored, due to its potential to reopen the market for residential mortgage backed securities in Europe. The hint of a return to mortgage backed funding for banks, which helped to fuel the boom in mortgage lending before the crunch is reported to be making a few people in the city feel a little hot under the collar.

Meanwhile the Cadbury/ Kraft turnover saga continues. Cadbury has seemingly approached the UK Takeover Panel to ask Kraft to “put up or shut up” on their unsolicited £10. 2 billion takeover approach of three weeks ago.

Cadbury approached the panel to request that Kraft either make a formal takeover proposal or put their advances on hold for the next six months.

Financial experts are predicting that Kraft will be ordered to make a formal offer within the next two and eight weeks, and if no offer is forthcoming, Kraft will not be able to make another offer for Cadbury for at least six months. Meanwhile reports have it that head of Kraft Foods, Irene Rosenfeld, is due to fly in to London this week in an effort to persuade investors to back their £10.2 billion takeover offer.

The chairman and chief executive are scheduled to hold one on one meeting with global shareholders at an investor day organized by Bank of America Corp. A representative for Kraft wasn’t immediately available to comment, while a spokesman for Cadbury stated that it remained unclear whether chief executive Todd Stitzer would be among the company’s senior executives attending the conference, and that no meetings between Stitzer and Rosenfeld had been arranged. In the shadow of such uncertainty, Cadbury’s stock fell 0.5 percent to 788 pence on yesterday’s trading.

According to experts in the UK real estate market, home sellers have raised asking prices in September as confidence in the property market improved and the supply of homes dwindled.

The average cost of a home increased 0.6 percent so far this month to £223,996 after falling 2.2 percent in August. Price gains in London, the southeast and East Anglia outweighed declines in the rest of England and Wales.

The U.K. property market is showing signs of recovery as the country emerge from the recession. The recovery continues to be aided by the Bank of England maintaining the benchmark interest rate at 0.5 percent alongside other moves to stimulate the British economy.

On the FTSE, house builders Barratt Developments were reported to be looking to raise up to £700 million through a share placing and open offer, to reduce their debt level of £1.3 billion as well as to buy land for fresh housing developments. The news failed to either depress or excite the market, and their stock ended flat at 268 ½ pence.

High street retailer Blacks Leisure who operates the Millets and Freespirit chains saw their shares fall a considerable 17.5 per cent to 42 pence after admitting it was likely to breach its terms of borrowing.

A spokesman for the company warned that trading had missed targets and they are likely to be in breach of their lending agreements.

Shares in Carphone Warehouse, gained 4.9 per cent to 192 ½ pence due to positive comments on the company’s growth policies by their brokers.

On the day, the FTSE 100 ended up 8.24 points on yesterday’s trading at 5,142.60, while the FTSE 250, rose by 28.02 points to close on 9,248.67.

The pound made a minor recovery yesterday against the dollar and Euro while falling against the Yen.

• Pound/US dollar 1.6399
• Pound/Euro 1.1069
• Pound/Japanese Yen 149.188
• Pound/Swiss Franc 1.6767

The Dow Jones Industrial Average re-adjusted itself after losses on Monday, up 51.01 points to 9,829.87. The NASDAQ continued its steady rise, up 8.26 points to 2146.3.

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Tags: Bank, Bank of America Corp, Bank of England, Banking, Barratt Developments, Blacks Leisure, British Economy, British Pound, Cadbury, Carphone Warehouse, Credit Crunch, Currency, Dow Jones, Economy, European Central Bank, Financial News, Freespirit, FTSE, Interest Rates, Irene Rosenfeld, Jean-Claude Trichet, Kraft, Lloyds Banking Group, Lord Turner, Mansion House City banquet, Mervyn King, Millets, Money, Money Markets, Mortgage, Mortgages, NASDAQ, Recession, Retail, Stock Markets, Stocks and shares, Todd Stitzer, UK Banks, UK Economy, UK government, UK mortgages, UK Recession, UK Takeover Panel

It was a day for financial contemplation on Tuesday as the first anniversary of Lehman Brothers filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the early hours of 15 September 2008 was marked, not quite by a minute’s silence but by many hours of contemplation of who the World’s financial systems almost went into meltdown.

Following the collapse of Lehman Brothers, once the fourth-largest US investment bank, the knock on effect caused meant that governments around the world had to pump trillions into their financial systems. The previously unimagined bank bail-outs, central bank actions and huge stimulus plans to save their biggest banks followed. Moves that are estimated to have cost every citizen of the developed world around $10,000 each..

On the day, Paul Myners, the minister who job it is to oversee London’s financial district, announced that he remains “very confident” that the UK’s multibillion-pound bailout of its troubled lenders will result in a profit for the country.

Last year the U.K. orchestrated a rescue package for banks including Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc and Lloyds Banking Group Plc. In the April annual budget the government submitted to Parliament it estimated that the bailout may cost taxpayers £50 billion

When asked to give his impressions when investments in the UK banking system would result in profit for members of the U.K. public, Myners replied by assessing that it will take “much less” time than a decade, and when it came it would add up to a “a nice little nest egg for the British taxpayer.”

Speaking of nest eggs or was it Easter eggs, Cadbury’s chief executive Todd Stitzer is due to be in the hot seat today, when he faces a group of the company’s’ top level investors since Kraft’s £10.2 billion unsolicited takeover proposal was rejected by the company. Stitzer as well as Andrew Bonfield, Cadbury’s chief financial officer are expected to be asked to outline the confectionery group’s long-term growth plans. The address was scheduled before Kraft approached Cadbury late last month.

UK oil and gas explorer, BG Group have announced another oil and gas discovery in a giant field off the coast of Brazil on Monday, making it the second in less than a week.

BG said further work was needed to evaluate the results before any concrete announcement can be made.

Hopes of a swift economic rebound and warned households and businesses of a “slow and protracted” recovery, according to Mervyn King, Bank of England governor.

King’s comments led to a sharp reassessment in financial markets of the likelihood and timing of any rise in interest rates.

The pound has taken a beating in the last few days, falling against all the major currencies for the last three months.

• Pound/US dollar 1.6477
• Pound/Euro 1.122
• Pound/Japanese Yen 148.8052
• Pound/Swiss Franc 1.7034

The FTSE 100 continued its upswing rising 60.31 points to finish on 5.102.44 while the FTSE 250 rose on Tuesday by 87.24 points to 9251.84/

The US recession is probably over but the economy will remain weak for some time due to unemployment, Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke has said.

But he added that the economy would still feel "very weak" to Americans concerned about job security.

A year after Lehman Brothers collapsed, a think tank has warned the lessons of the crisis have not been learned.

The Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) says the rapid return to the City’s bonus culture shows that real reform has been "very limited".

The warnings echoed a speech by US President Barack Obama, who warned of complacency in the banking sector.

Despite President Obama’s and Bernanke’s comments , stocks on Wall Street rose on the day’s trading. The Dow Jones rose by 56.61 points to 9683.41, while the NASDAQ rose by 10.86 points to 2102.64.

Japan Airlines (JAL) plans to cut 6,800 jobs, as an airline trade body upped its projected losses for the global industry this year.

Media reports have said several US and European airlines are in the running to take a stake in the loss-making carrier.

The airline had already launched a programme of job cuts, plans for fuel-efficiency and a focus on business customers.

Reports this week have suggested that Delta Airlines and American Airlines are in talks to invest in JAL to expand into Asia via code-sharing agreements.

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Tags: Andrew Bonfield, Bank of England, Banking, bankruptcy, Barack Obama, Ben Bernanke, BG Group, British Economy, British Pound, Budget, Cadbury, Credit Crunch, Currency, Dow Jones, Economy, Employment, Financial News, FTSE, Gordon Brown, Institute for Public Policy Research, Investment, IPPR, JAL, Japan Airlines, Kraft, Lehman Brothers, Lloyds, Mervyn King, Money, Money Markets, NASDAQ, Paul Myners, Recession, Retail, Royal Bank of Scotland, Stitzer, Stock Markets, Stocks and shares, UK Banks, UK Economy, UK government, UK Recession, US President